Leah: pain and praise

Genesis 29:31-35 records the birth and naming of Jacob’s first four sons by Leah. Interestingly, it is she who names the children, not Jacob (is he really that disinterested?) and the names, along with the reasoning behind them, give us insight into Leah’s handling of the pain of her situation.

When the first son is born, she names him Reuben because she believes the LORD has seen her misery, being relatively unloved by her husband. Her hope is that Jacob will love her now.

But that seems not to be the case. When her second son is born, she names him Simeon because the LORD has heard she is (still) not loved. The fond hopes that surrounded the birth of Reuben were clearly not fulfilled; Jacob loves Rachel only.

Leah’s pain evidently continues. When her third son is born she names him Levi, ardently hoping that now, at last, his birth will cause her husband to be attached to her. It seems a forlorn hope. She has been placed in an intolerable situation and not by her own choice. She is deeply pained at Jacob’s rejection of her and longs for him to have a change of heart in order to heal the pain in hers. But it seems Jacob is unmoved by the LORD’s giving sons to them and is blind to the LORD’s favour towards Leah.

Yet when her fourth son is born, she names him Judah saying, "This time I will praise the LORD". No mention now of her husband, nor of her desperate desire to be loved and accepted by him (an entirely understandable and legitimate desire).

Leah, so slighted and demeaned, is not abandoned in her misery and with the birth of Judah she recognises this. No doubt the pain remains but she is able now to praise the LORD out of her pain. Reconciled to her situation, she is able to rejoice in the God who is ever-loving and ever-loyal to his people. "This time" her focus is higher than her husband and her joy greater than he could arouse or sustain. To be loved and accepted by the LORD and to know his favour means more than anything else could.

The struggle with her sister and her husband would be a running sore and would return soon enough (see the next chapter) but maybe it’s no coincidence that at this point, for a time at least, "she stopped having children".

16 Resolutions for Preachers in 2014

16 Resolutions for Preachers in 2014. | Scribblepreach

Some helpful stuff in here for preachers to chew over.

behaviour, not bad exegesis

In Lk. 20:45ff, Jesus “does not challenge the scribes for their misreading of scripture but for their behaviour. Behaviour, not bad exegesis, disqualifies them as interpreters." DA Garland, Luke (ZECNT) emphasis mine

a preacher's humility

"true doctrine eliminates arrogance through reflection, because right teaching attacks arrogance in the teacher’s heart. It ensures that the humility it aims to instill in the listeners’ hearts is actually preached by a humble man. For humility, the mother of virtues, teaches by word and demonstrates by example. 

The goal of true doctrine is to express humility among disciples more by deeds than by words. When Paul tells his disciples, “These things command and teach with all power” (1 Tim. 4:11), he means the credibility that comes with good behaviour rather than the domineering exercise of power. When one practices first and preaches afterward, one is really teaching with power.”

Gregory the Great (ironic, huh! But I guess that’s what others called him) from Awakening Faith

grace leads to repentance

"I do not think that an emphasis on grace leads to a soft ministry on sin and the severe demands of the law. Actually, it seems to me that such grace teaching makes it possible for sinners like us to hear the hardest things said about our sin patterns, and that can lead into a healthy sorrow which then leads back to sanity, i.e. repentance."

Jack Miller, The Heart of a Servant Leader, p.60

creation: preparing for worship

When God acts on Day 4 to create the sun and moon to separate day from night, the stated purpose is very anthropocentric, very Israel-centric, and focussed on the worship of the God who creates.

How so? Well, the lights in the vault of the sky are there to “serve as signs to mark seasons, and days and years” (Genesis 1:14, NIV 1984). But ‘seasons’ speaks to more than just phases of the year - the term is associated with the cultic calendar, with the set times for festivals. You can’t go far into the Old Testament without seeing that the overwhelming use of the term is for the tent of meeting and the feasts associated with it. Hence the NIV 2011 translation of ‘seasons’ in Genesis 1:14 as ‘sacred times’ - appointed times for feasts and festivals.

Sun and moon are created not simply as markers of the changing seasons for practical purposes but, deliberately, to allow for sacred times - the hallowing of time, the ordering of engagement with the God who created all things. Those markers are clearly tied to the provisions of the Old Testament (and therefore created with OT Israel in view), for as Paul notes in Colossians 2:17, those festivals and days were “a shadow of the things to come; the reality…is found in Christ.”

And so, in the new heavens and earth, when all things have been made new, we discover that there will be no sun or moon (Rev. 21:23): no regulation of festal times, for all time will be festal and filled with the fulness of the presence of God; no longer will there be seasons, for the tree of life will bear fruit every month (Rev. 22:2), its leaves for the healing of the nations, bathed in the light of the reconciling God and of the Lamb.

no more night

The Bible begins with darkness - a darkness that was over the surface of the deep. As the Bible draws to a close, a future is promised where “there will be no more night” (Revelation 22:5); no more darkness or chaos. But that darkness will be dispelled without the light of a lamp or the light of the sun. How so? “The LORD God will give them light.”

The creation of sun, moon and stars for light on the earth is seen to have been a temporary and prophetic provision, pointing forward to a day when the whole creation will be ablaze with true light, the light of a glory that is full of grace and truth, a glory that banishes the curse, that brings to an end the old order of things, that presages a future without pain, that ushers in a future healed of sorrows - the glory of the eternal God, seen in the face of his Son, Jesus Christ.

And so we say, with longing and hope, “Amen; come, Lord Jesus.”

not praying for revival, but

still praying for it. David Murray links to this post by Mike Leake and says he would add to it, ‘Send Holy Spirit-led revival’ but then adds, “Or maybe these five prayers would be a revival.” Seems to me he’s onto something there - praying for those things that would, when they occur, constitute revival. It makes our prayers much more specific and focussed and, I’d argue, more biblical.

the sanity of repentance and praise

Terrific quote from Jack Miller to end one year/begin another in ministry:

“One thing that can be hard for a minister is just the enduring. After you have been in the pastorate for a decade or more, you begin to see many weaknesses and sins in yourself, many failures in the ministry, and become increasingly aware of the resistance in God’s people to change. As our insights grow, so do our temptations to increase in despair. As a friend in Christ I would urge you to resist that temptation. Frequently take time to look over the church, your ministry, your family, and give God thanks for each good thing you see. So not only endure in the ministry but blossom with thankfulness and praise. Perhaps you have heard me say this before, but I like to think of repentance and praise as allied to each other - both forms of sanity. Repentance is a return to God as my centre. Praise is the lifting up of God in honour as my centre. But to move out away from the centre without repentance and praise is to be eccentric, irrational and insane. But what a simple thing it is to humble the heart and return to sanity by repentance and praise.

(The Heart of a Servant Leader, p.56)

A Bonhoeffer Advent Reflection: “Nazareth”

A Bonhoeffer Advent Reflection: “Nazareth”

So why does Matthew say they said he would be a Nazarene? HT: Mike Bird

The passing of the prophets: a note on 2 Peter 2:1

Peter’s second letter is very clearly written with the end of the apostolic age in sight. His own death is near (1:14) and most of the other apostles have already finished their course. He wants to make sure that his readers - people he has pastored, either in person or at a distance - are grounded in the settled truth of the gospel, that they would grasp that the prophetic message is completely reliable (1:19). They may not be the apostolic generation and, as such, may not have witnessed the astonishing events that Peter and others did (1:17f), yet they have a faith which is as precious as that of the apostles (1:1). They haven’t been sold short.

In that light, the first verse of chapter 2 is very interesting. Peter wants them to be on their guard because, just as there were false prophets among the people previously (he is referring to Old Testament times) so there will be false teachers among them. Do you see what Peter did there? Blink and you’ll miss it. The future, for them, will have no equivalent of the prophets of old. Yes, there will be false teachers - those who will take and twist, distort and deny the settled, received truth he has referred to. But it seems that the age of prophets who bring fresh revelation is past - the whole tenor of his letter breathes that air; it has a finality of truth, a finality that is inherent in the coming of the Messiah.

That’s not to say terms such as ‘prophet’ or ‘prophetic’ cannot be used in other ways, with a more nuanced meaning. But it is to say that something has ended. Peter seems to be quite clear about that. The fact that he doesn’t need to labour his point suggests that it wasn’t something his readers were unfamiliar with either.

a velvet church

Seth Godin quotes Brian Eno as saying that, although the first Velvet Underground album only sold 1,000 copies, all those who bought it formed a band. He goes on to note that, “many of us sell ideas, not widgets, and …ideas are best when used, and the more they get used, the more ideas they spawn.”

It strikes me that is what we ought to be looking to do as churches - not being consumed by wanting to sell more records ourselves but gladly seeing other bands forming.

who can forgive sins?

In Luke 5, Jesus tells a paralysed man, ‘Your sins are forgiven’ (v.20). The Pharisees respond by accusing him of blasphemy and ask, ‘Who can forgive sins but God alone?’ - a rhetorical question that expects the answer ‘no one’.

It’s a good question - and a moot point.

In his account of the incident, Matthew tells us that the crowd who saw the miracle responded with awe and praise because, as they saw it, "God…had given such authority to men." (Mt. 9:8) Authority to do what? To heal? Yes. And to forgive? Well, that would certainly seem to be part of the package they have in mind.

The Pharisees were angered because, as they saw it, God alone can forgive sins. The crowd are amazed because, as they see it, God has conferred that authority on men (not just the Man). So who is right?

It’s often said (by preachers, at least, and I know because I’ve said it) that the Pharisees were at least right on this point: only God can forgive sins. Where they went wrong was in not recognising that God was among them in the person of his Son. So they were right and the crowd was wrong.

But let’s think for a minute about what the Pharisees actually believed. They knew that the LORD had delegated his power of forgiveness and attached it to the sacrificial system, presided over by the High Priest. That reality runs throughout the Old Testament: sacrifices are offered and atonement is made and the people are pronounced 'forgiven' (see Lev. 4:20,26,31,35 etc - the references are copious).

So perhaps their question is, in fact, a shorthand way of saying, ‘God alone can forgive sins which we all know he does via the delegated authority of the Law and via the priestly system.’ The forgiveness is still God’s to give but he chooses to give it in that context.

In which case it seems that the Pharisees were actually questioning Jesus’ positioning of himself as one who takes the place of the sacrificial system and the work of the High Priest. In so doing, it would seem to them that he was making himself equal to God by insisting he was in a position to make such a change to the Law.

But it goes even further than that. In Matthew’s account, as we noticed earlier, the people praise God for giving such authority to people (the word translated ‘man’ is in fact plural). They recognise in Jesus not a usurping of God’s authority but a delegation of it, to human beings (not just to this human being) and outside of the provisions of the Law.

Of course, it might be argued that the crowd knew very little and were hardly sophisticated in the finer details of the sacrificial system (no doubt the Pharisees would choose to argue along those lines). But Matthew, writing after Jesus’ resurrection and with a fuller grasp of such issues, in no way writes negatively of the people’s assessment. There is not even a hint in how he writes up this incident that the crowd were wrong in their conclusion, that they were enthusiastic but misguided. No, Matthew doesn’t suggest that at all.

But does God - has God - given the authority to forgive sins to people? Jesus apparently believes that he has. In fact, he himself extends that authority on God’s behalf to his people: "If you forgive the sins of anyone, they are forgiven; if you do not forgive them, they are not forgiven" (Jn. 20:23); "whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven" (Mt. 18:18).

We might want to call a halt at this point and caution that the matter of forgiveness would then be open to all sorts of possible abuses, including abuses we thought it had been rescued from in the Reformation. Is God bound to forgive anyone whom I choose to forgive? What if that person isn’t truly repentant? And will God withhold his forgiveness from someone who is genuinely repentant because I’ve decided they aren’t really sincere in seeking it? Not to mention the potential for pride and the rise of an unbiblical priestliness.

That was my first reaction, too. People don’t need to ask me for forgiveness; they go to God through Jesus. He alone can forgive sins. Except he tells me to forgive others, not just in the passages just referred to but in a whole host of others. I am to act in a priestly capacity as authorised by God, in light of Jesus’ once-for-all sacrifice for sin, the true fulfilment of the whole sacrificial system of the OT. And not in any sense because I happen to be a minister but simply because I am a Christian, as part of the universal priesthood of all believers.

So what about those pitfalls - people getting forgiven when they oughtn’t to be and vice versa? Well, no one ever said God’s hands were tied on this matter, any more than they are tied by the 'ask anything in my name and it will be done' strand of Jesus’ teaching. God is big enough to handle our fallibility.

But he has commissioned us to proclaim forgiveness in Jesus’ name and to enact it in our relationships. Yes, that takes place via gospel preaching (the way some would apply the John 20 text) but not only so; Jesus makes it far more personal. He enacts it in the presence of the Pharisees and God is glorified for it by the people. The old was passing, the new was being unveiled. Decisive atonement was being located in Jesus’ death and forgiveness on the basis of his atoning sacrifice was to be actualised through his people, as indwelt by his Spirit (John 20:22).

The pastor-theologian as ship's first-mate in heavy cultural seas

Asked by Justin Taylor about navigating between cultural withdrawal and cultural accommodation, Kevin Vanhoozer replied with the following helpful illustration:

The most important thing is to be aware that culture is always, already there–something in which we live and move and have our historical being–and that it is always actively cultivating, always forming habits of the heart and habits of perception. Of course, it also helps when the first mate–one’s pastor theologian–is a competent seahand. “Competence” here means knowing both one’s ship (the church) and the sea (the world). The image of the church as maritime vessel is a good one. Throughout Scriptures, water is often a symbol for powers that can engulf us. But the church should not be wholly anti-world either, for the sea, as part of the created order, is in another sense what sustains us. Ultimately it is the wind–the breath of the word-ministering Spirit–that allows the church to be counter-cultural and to set her course against the prevailing intellectual currents.

Why get married or stay single?

Why get married or stay single?

Let there be light

"And God said, ‘Let there be light - and there was light. God saw that the light was good…."

There was light - not sun-and-moon light (that came later) but the light of order and meaning, of deep harmony and wisdom. Light that births life; light that is a true beginning and the beginning of all that is true in the cosmos. Light that would one day radiate from the being of God, in the face of a man.

Let there be light: Amen.

Seeing what is there

The true purpose of the historical study of the New Testament…is not to reveal what isn’t there in the text, but rather to focus our eyes properly to see what is there.

John Dickson, Hearing Her Voice

Lack of Regret is Not Repentance

Lack of Regret is Not Repentance

“[A major] theme in emerging adult culture [18-23 year olds] is that they very much want to profess to have no regrets about their lives.”

Why is there winter in Narnia?

Why is there winter in Narnia?

Engaging essay by Nick Nowalk.

Shared space: useful in church life?

Shared space: useful in church life?

The ideas of ‘shared space’ and ‘loose reins’ have ramifications for church life, too.