Joy in the Journey (3)

In the cool of the day, the LORD God walked in the garden. Instead of running to welcome him, to worship him, the man and his wife hid among the trees in fear of him (Genesis 3:8-10). Sin had entered their lives, spoiled the world and cast a devastating shadow over their relationship with the Creator. And death would follow in its wake.

Fear is a mark of the damage sin has done. It ruptures relationships and is intimately connected to death. It is exploited by evil in all manner of ways to hinder and harm. Fear breeds suspicion. Fear grows selfishness. Fear paralyses and kills love. We know that all too well, to our deep shame.

And so to an upper room…

On the evening of that first day of the week, when the disciples were together, with the doors locked for fear of the Jewish leaders, Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you!” After he said this, he showed them his hands and side. The disciples were overjoyed when they saw the Lord.

(John 20:19,20)

Once again it is evening and once again there is fear. But this time it’s fear of man, not the Lord. A fear that the same fate will befall the disciples that had consumed Jesus, their beloved Master. A fear of beating and humiliation; a fear of death.

And then, wonderfully, “Jesus came and stood among them”.

He’s there alive and speaking words of peace. He shows them his hands and his side, the evidence of his slaughter at the hands of his enemies. And their response to such a sight, to the devastating display of the horrors of death and the mauling meted out by sin and evil? “The disciples were overjoyed when they saw the Lord.” The one standing among them, whose ruptured side and battered hands are in full view, is the LORD.

And his presence is evidence that the wounds have not won, that death has been dethroned. Far from denying his lordship, these scars are the crown he wears, the vindication of his reign, the symbols of his victory.

And they are the reason why evening fear - all fear - can (and ultimately will) be banished forever.

Peace, perfect peace, in this dark world of sin?

The blood of Jesus whispers peace within.

Peace, perfect peace, by thronging duties pressed?

To do the will of Jesus, this is rest.

Peace, perfect peace, with sorrows surging round?

On Jesus’ bosom naught but calm is found.

Peace, perfect peace, with loved ones far away?

In Jesus’ keeping we are safe, and they.

Peace, perfect peace, our future all unknown?

Jesus we know, and He is on the throne.

Peace, perfect peace, death shadowing us and ours?

Jesus has vanquished death and all its powers.

It is enough: earh's struggles soon shall cease,

And Jesus call us to heaven's perfect peace.

(Edward Henry Bickersteth 1825-1906)

Joy in the Journey (2)

"He will bear the names of the sons of Israel over his heart"

(Exodus 28:29)

Are you suffering from an unquiet heart? As soon as you wake your mind is hyper-vigilant, the cares and uncertainties of the day flood in and you struggle to regain any control over your thinking and emotional response?

It's hard isn't it. And at a time like this especially difficult. But maybe there are some things we can do to help ourselves. Rather than suggest strategies that might or might not help you, I'll mention a few things later on where my own thinking has gone on this (thinking does not, alas, mean practice).

But more than practical steps, important as they are, what truths can we focus on to help centre our thinking and ground our hearts?

Exodus 28 is a beautiful chapter, full of detail about the priestly garments that Aaron and his sons were to wear. Sacred garments, bestowing dignity and honour (v.2). Garments woven and adorned with care and delicate attention - the work of skilled hands (v.6). An ephod and a breastpiece, both mounted with precious stones representing the tribes of Israel, and other garments all radiant and holy.

Read it slowly and notice all the details - the colours, the shapes, the names, the descriptors. It's gorgeous. But notice especially what is to happen in verse 13 and verses 29,30:

“Aaron is to bear the names [of the sons of israel] on his shoulders as a memorial before the LORD..." (v.13)
"whenever Aaron enters the Holy Place he will bear the names of the sons of Israel over his heart on the breastpiece of decision as a continual memorial before the Lord” (v.29)
"...Aaron will always bear the means for making decisions [the Urim and Thummim] for the Israelites over his heart before the LORD.

This is a precious portrayal of the high priestly ministry of our Lord Jesus. As we wake and we enter a new day, possibly anxious and perplexed, he stands before the Lord with our names on his shoulders and upon his heart, holding our days and destinies in his hands - bearing all our hopes, shaping and forming our hearts, watching over our paths, aligning our times with the gracious purposes of God’s heart which stand for ever (Ps. 33:11). He "in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge" (Col. 2:3) is the one who yearns over his people and directs all their ways.

All the way my Saviour leads me:

What have I to ask beside?

Can I doubt His tender mercy,

Who through life has been my guide?

Heav’nly peace, divinest comfort,

Here by faith in Him to dwell!

For I know, whate’er befall me,

Jesus doeth all things well,

All the way my Savior leads me:

Cheers each winding path I tread,

Gives me grace for every trial,

Feeds me with the living bread.

Though my weary steps may falter,

And my soul athirst may be,

Gushing from the rock before me,

Lo! a spring of joy I see,

All the way my Savior leads me;

Oh, the fullness of His love!

Perfect rest to me is promised

In my Father’s house above.

When my spirit, clothed, immortal,

Wings its flight to realms of day,

This my song through endless ages -

Jesus led me all the way.

(Frances Jane Van Alstyne)

*********

So, those practical steps I’m trying to take?

• Limit exposure to news first thing in the morning - if I really need to catch up then do so briefly and not in excessive detail.
• Reading helps to slow the mind, to 'cool' it, so most mornings I try to read a few pages just to make the cogs of vigilance turn more slowly. It might be a Christian book or it might not - this year I've read a couple of books by Robert Macfarlane (The Wild Places and Mountains of the Mind) that have been wonderfully calming, just because they take my mind to other places.
• Reading poetry can also be helpful - if that sounds a bit too cultured, it's not about getting all arty. Why read a poem, if you don't like them, don't get them? Again, it slows your thinking down by exposing your mind to words, things that will make you ponder - or even move you in wonder.
• Reading the Bible - as you settle down to read the Bible, you may find all those thoughts and anxieties forcing their way in, uninvited, and taking the best seats. Try reading the Bible out loud (this helps with focus in prayer too). Or perhaps listen to someone else reading the Bible to you - for some months a little while ago I struggled to quiet my mind to read the Bible so I let David Suchet read it to me (he was always happy to do so, a charming man).
• Using set prayers, not exclusively but as part of your prayer time. There are some great resources out there and you might find yourself breathing air that is somehow clearer and more rarefied.
• As you read, turn off the notifications on your phone or put it into airplane mode - dire emergencies are very rare and will still get through somehow.
• More broadly, why not limit the inputs you allow into your mental space. Each one takes a toll on your ability to attend to what you're truly wanting to focus on.

Joy in the Journey (1)

Something I wrote for church members this week

********

I'd like to try to write something, perhaps a couple of times a week, to encourage you during these strange and dislocated days. My prayer is that the Lord will encourage you and strengthen your heart in all his goodness.

The title I've given to these emails is a nod to a lovely song by Michael Card (Joy in the Journey).

All blessings be yours in Jesus,

Richard.

*********

Trimming the lamps

“In the tent of meeting, outside the curtain that shields the ark of the covenant law, Aaron and his sons are to keep the lamps burning before the LORD from evening till morning.”

(Exodus 27:21)

Life can be so hectic at times and time itself can seem so pressured that some things end up being squeezed into the margins. That can happen to all kinds of things but maybe that's how you've found your times for prayer and Bible reading over some time now. You long for more space, more unhurried time, but it all seems so elusive.

It may well be that these next weeks will give you something of an opportunity to reconnect, to be renewed in prayer and in God's Word. But it’s likely to not feel easy, for a number of reasons:

Where to start?  You feel ‘out of practice’, even awkward. So recognise that it’s going to take time to set a new pattern, maybe even a whole new template, for your time in God’s presence. Don't feel you need to reach your goal overnight; this isn't putting a stake in the ground, but growing a tree (Ps. 1:3), forming your heart.

It might be helpful to remind yourself what it’s all for: that the centre is not gleaning information or bundling requests to lay at God’s door, but rather “to worship the LORD in the splendour of his holiness” (Ps. 96:9); “to gaze upon the beauty of the LORD and to seek him in his temple” (Ps. 27:4). Above all else, it is about sitting at Jesus' feet (Lk. 10:39).

The shame of failure  But it feels like there’s so much accumulated failure to sit in his presence in joy and wonder, so much shame at having lived at such speed that his glory has been a blur, half-seen and unappreciated. Then bring that shame and regret to the LORD who bore it all on the cross, the God who declares “I will put my dwelling place among you and will not abhor you...I broke the bars of your yoke and enabled you to walk with head held high” (Lev. 26:11,13). Not abhorred. Not rejected. You can hold your head high.

The light that never goes out  And, remember, the true fulfilment of the lamp that doesn’t ever go out (Ex 27:21) is not the flame of your own devotion but the unwavering love of God, revealed in the cross of Jesus and poured into your heart by his Spirit. His is the light that is never extinguished; not all the squalls of life and its alarms, nor the gales of sin and bitter regret can make it ever burn low. The lamp of Jesus’ glory and grace are undimmed and shine brightly through all our darkness.

None other Lamb, none other Name,

None other hope in heaven or earth or sea,

None other hiding-place from guilt and shame,

None beside Thee.

My faith burns low, my hope burns low;

Only my heart's desire cries out in me

By the deep thunder of its want and woe,

Cries out to Thee.

Lord, Thou art life, though I be dead;

Love's fire Thou art, however cold I be:

Nor heaven have I, nor place to lay my head,

Nor home, but Thee.

(Christina Rossetti)

May God bless you deeply and richly as you seek him.

Michael Reeves on the difference between teaching and preaching

In preaching I seek to do something I don't do in teaching: in teaching I'm conveying information with the best clarity I can; in preaching I am heralding - I'm heralding Christ in such a way that the truths that I'm preaching might not only shape your mind and your convictions but also affect your heart - how you feel about things, what you desire, what you want. So I want who Christ is to affect you at a heart level so that your life changes...I want people to understand the text such that their minds are clearer but I want then for their hearts to change and primarily I want to see them come to love Christ and find a joy in him and love him, adore him more than they adore their sins - so that they're weaned off their sins towards Christ...Preaching changed at the reformation when the reformers were saying 'We're not just trying to change the behaviour of those we're preaching to, we want their very hearts to change so that they do not simply behave better but actually love Christ, love the Lord, and therefore their behaviour changes.'

(from the Equip podcast)

People are actually moved by good language

Marilynne Robinson on being asked about the language of public discourse (which could also be helpfully applied to preaching, methinks)

I find that people are actually moved by good language. I think that one of the things that is an affliction and has been kind of increasingly an affliction is that we condescend to one another. This has bothered me forever. When Abraham Lincoln - a virtually totally uneducated man - wanted to speak to people, he did it with a degree of refinement that is extraordinary by any standard because he had that kind of respect for the people he was speaking to...To whom are we condescending? How have we let ourselves have such negative assumptions about people in general?

(Balm in Gilead, p.186)

prayer in study

Ministers must pray much, if they would be successful...Some ministers of meaner gifts and [abilities] are more successful than some that are far above them in abilities; not because they preach better, so much as because they pray more. Many good sermons are lost for lack of much prayer in the study.

Robert Trail, quoted in Sinclair Ferguson's Some Pastors and Teachers p.188

Preaching is...

"the extraordinary moment when someone attempts to speak in good faith, about something that matters, to people who attempt to listen in good faith. The circumstance is moving in itself, since we poor mortals are so far enmenshed in our frauds and shenanigans, not to mention our self-deceptions, that a serious attempt at meaning, spoken and heard, is quite exceptional. It has a very special character...to speak in one's own person and voice to others who listen from the thick of their endlessly various situations, about what truly are or ought to be matters of life and death, this is a singular thing. For this we come to church.

Marilynne Robinson, The Givenness of Things, p.146

Sermons turning to ash in the presence of Love

For Ames, writing sermons was a spiritual discipline that was unseated by an apophaticisim of sorts. The spiritual discipline fails in the face of actual Love. That's something all preachers know too; probably all pursuers of any spiritual discipline know - at least, we hope we'll come to know, if we persist long enough in the Christian life. We hope to know that the disciplines fail in the face of Love, that in Love's company we feel the poverty of our efforts, as Ames's sermons turn to ash in his mouth when Lila is there.

Lauren Winner, Thinking about preaching with Marilynne Robinson, in Balm in Gilead p.88

Learning from the preaching of Peter

Peter's foundational preaching in the earliest days of the church provides a model for preaching to every generation. It must be practiced in the power of the Holy Spirit, as the natural outflow of a life lived for and empowered by the presence of God, humbly submitted fully to him. It must be authentically proclaimed by one who has first personally come under the convicting power of God's truth and also responded in repentance and received God's forgiveness. And the message must always be Christ-centred, gospel focussed, rooted in Scripture, and relevantly applied to contemporary circumstances. The response to such preaching is in the hands of a sovereign God, and all the glory is his.

A Legacy of Preaching, Vol 1 (p.61f)

The willingness of leaders

Then the leaders of families, the officers of the tribes of Israel, the commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds, and the officials in charge of the king’s work gave willingly. They gave toward the work on the temple of God five thousand talents and ten thousand darics of gold, ten thousand talents of silver, eighteen thousand talents of bronze and a hundred thousand talents of iron. Anyone who had precious stones gave them to the treasury of the temple of the Lord in the custody of Jehiel the Gershonite. The people rejoiced at the willing response of their leaders, for they had given freely and wholeheartedly to the Lord. David the king also rejoiced greatly.

(1 Chronicles 29:6-9)

To the elders among you, I appeal as a fellow elder and a witness of Christ’s sufferings who also will share in the glory to be revealed: Be shepherds of God’s flock that is under your care, watching over them—not because you must, but because you are willing, as God wants you to be; not pursuing dishonest gain, but eager to serve; not lording it over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock. And when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that will never fade away.

(1 Peter 5:1-4)

Dorothy L Sayers on language for God

Trying to get God into a verbal formula is like trying to force a large and irritated cat into a small basket. As soon as you tuck in his head, his tail comes out. Once his back paws are inside, the front paws appear again. Even when you finally manage to squeeze the cat into the basket, his “dismal wailings” make it clear that “some essential dignity in the creature has been violated and a wrong done to its nature.”

(from "Mere Discipleship: Growing in Wisdom and Hope" by Alister E. McGrath.)

My favourite reads of 2019

The books I most enjoyed reading this year, without any why's or wherefore's - you can go check them out if you so desire.

(Oh and they're listed here in reading order, not preference of any sort)

1.  All That's Good: Recovering the Lost Art of Discernment
2.  Lewis on the Christian Life: Becoming Truly Human in the Presence of God
3.  On Reading Well: Finding the Good Life through Great Books
4.  Digital Minimalism: Choosing a Focused Life in a Noisy World
5.  Some Pastors and Teachers: Reflecting a Biblical Vision of What Every Minister Is Called to Be
6.  The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure
7.  Walking Through Twilight: A Wife's Illness-A Philosopher's Lament 
8.  The Lord Is Good: Seeking The God Of The Psalter
9.  Thirst
10. Virgil Wander
11. Taking the Long View: Christian Theology in Historical Perspective
12. Strangers in Their Own Land Anger and Mourning on the American Right
13. Range: How Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World
14. Working: Researching, Interviewing, Writing
15. The Care of Souls: Cultivating a Pastor's Heart
16. Christina Rosetti: Poems (Everyman's Pocket Poets)
17. Old Testament Wisdom Literature
18. Confessions of St.Augustine
19. Disappearing Church
20. Grace & Glory
21. Sacred Endurance: Finding Grace and Strength for a Lasting Faith 
22. The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity

You're speaking to it in acts and it speaks back to you in reactions

Reading 'church' for land/place/farm in this from Wendell Berry makes for worthwhile musing:

Analogies have tied things together for me, personally. The fundamental one for me is the analogy between your relationship to your spouse and your relationship to your place. Both need to be a settled commitment and both involve continuous learning and adjusting. If you have a wife of any spirit, she’s not going to let you be married to her only on your terms or your assumption about what she is. Land, a place, by nature also is going to react. If you’re wrong about it, you’ll find out. The problem there is that your land, your farm, doesn’t speak English. You’re speaking to it in acts. And it speaks back to you in reactions. 

If you’ve been badly mistaken, the reaction can be expensive—to it and to you. It’s possible for the tuition to be too high, economically or ecologically or both. And that’s why the destruction of the continuity of local communities and farm families is a significant loss. It’s a loss that is practical. There’s nobody to say, “Hold on a minute. That’s been tried before, and it didn’t work.” If you can keep that voice alive, then you’ve kept culture alive, a local culture in which the generations talk to each other.

(from: "It All Turns on Affection: The Jefferson Lecture & Other Essays" by Wendell Berry.

a healthy dose of realism for potential ministry workers

Interviewed by Jim Leach of NEH , Wendell and Tanya Berry said the following about people thinking to take up farming...

BERRY: Well, I hear from readers a good deal, and I try to answer every letter. I think, because of my commitment to issues of conservation and good agriculture and peaceableness, they find something hopeful in my work.
TANYA BERRY: They’re looking for a life instead of a career.
LEACH: What are the principles you encourage, then?
BERRY: When they say they’re planning to take up farming, I encourage them to be awfully careful. I have received a lot of letters saying, “I don’t like my job. I don’t like where I’m living. I’m going to sell out, and move to the country, and be a farmer.” It seems to me that the only responsible thing, then, is to write back some version of “Be careful” or even “Don’t do it.”
TANYA BERRY: Or “Keep your job.”
BERRY: Yes. Buy a place in the country if you want to and live on it, but keep your job. Don’t put your marriage at risk. Don’t put your livelihood at risk. Because there’s a lot to learn, and why should somebody who has a lot to learn try to take up farming when experienced farmers are failing? So, in writing favorably about farming, I’ve assumed a considerable responsibility that I’ve tried to live up to. People say, sometimes in alarm, “You’re discouraging me.” And I say, “Well, yes, to some extent. I’m obliged to encourage you to be thoughtful.”

(From: "It All Turns on Affection: The Jefferson Lecture & Other Essays" by Wendell Berry.)

It struck me on reading it that, given the avalanche of encouragement to younger men and women to enter ministry, to become church-planters or assistants or [insert your choice of title]...that there is much wisdom in being, as Berry suggests, more thoughtful. His question, "Why should somebody who has a lot to learn try to take up farming when experienced farmers are failing?" feels especially pertinent. And "Don't put your marriage at risk" is an utterly haunting statement.

This isn't of course to discourage new ministry workers - very many are and will be needed - but is simply to encourage a greater open-eyed realism, a realism that will include a greater consideration of and attentiveness to the subject of 'a call to the ministry' and the slowing down of the process of discernment and decision.

neither sarcastic nor cynical

I always thank my God for you because of his grace given you in Christ Jesus. For in him you have been enriched in every way—with all kinds of speech and with all knowledge — God thus confirming our testimony about Christ among you. Therefore you do not lack any spiritual gift as you eagerly wait for our Lord Jesus Christ to be revealed. He will also keep you firm to the end, so that you will be blameless on the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. God is faithful, who has called you into fellowship with his Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.

Paul's words in 1 Corinthians 1:4-9 are smothered in irony, in the light of all he will go on to write in the letter. But the note of thanksgiving and rejoicing, despite all their flaws and muddle and the agony of heart and soul they are causing him, reads as utterly genuine. There is not a hint of sarcasm or cynicism here.

And that is deeply challenging. When wounded or disappointed by others, when you see your hard work nullified, how easy it is to think or speak with clever sarcasm or stinging cynicism, but Paul does neither. In God's presence he lifts his heart and voice in praise, simply and sincerely. Because they have been genuinely saved to the great glory of Jesus and all their present struggles, all their sinful meanderings, will not - can not - erase what God has done. The reality is there, despite the smears. Jesus is yet at work "to present [them] to himself as a radiant church, without stain or wrinkle or any other blemish, but holy and blameless." (Eph. 5:27)

That is always a cause for thankfulness and confidence.

Preacher: don't be David Letterman

Every night you're trying to prove your self-worth. It's like meeting your girlfriend's family for the first time. You want to be the absolute best, wittiest, smartest, most charming, best-smelling version of yourself. If I can make people enjoy the experience and have a higher regard for me when I'm finished, it makes me feel like an entire person. If I've come short of that, I'm not happy. How things go for me every night is how I feel about myself for the next 24 hours.

David Letterman, Parade Magazine, 26 May 1996 (quoted in Wholeheartedness by Chuck DeGroat, p.15)

Is your gospel preaching primary and fundamental?

In speaking of the Lord's Supper as "an epitome of the gospel of redemption", Vos notes that he could not then (and perhaps we cannot now) say that "there is no need of such a witness of the sacrament because the ministry of the Word always and everywhere proclaims the central truth of the gospel with sufficient clearness and emphasis...I am sure that there are churches in which a great many other things can be heard, yet where one could listen in vain for the plain preaching of the cross as the God-appointed means for the salvation of sinners."

But he is at pains to point out that he is not suggesting that "in all such cases there need be the preaching of false doctrine which involves an open and direct denial of the evangelical truth." What is all too possible - and what is personally pertinent and searching - is that "there may be such a failure in the intelligent presentation of the gospel with the proper emphasis upon that which is primary and fundamental as to bring about a result almost equally deplorable as where the principles of the gospel are openly contradicted or denied. There can be a betrayal of the gospel of grace by silence." (my emphasis)

And so, he adds,

I sometimes feel as if what we need most is a sense of proportion in our presentation of the truth; a new sense of where the centre of gravity in the gospel lies; a return to the ideal of Paul who determined not to know anything among the Corinthians save Jesus Christ and him crucified. This does not mean that every sermon which we preach must necessarily be what is technically called an evangelistic sermon. There may be frequent occasions when to do that would be out of place and when a discourse on some ethical or apologetic or social topic is distinctly called for. But whatever topic you preach on and whatever text you choose, there ought not to be in your whole repertoire a single sermon in which from beginning to end you do not convey to your hearers the impression that what you want to impart to them, you do not think it possible to impart to them in any other way than as a correlate and consequence of the eternal salvation of their souls through the blood of Christ, because in your own conviction that alone is the remedy which you can honestly offer to a sinful world.

Grace and Glory, p.237f

Why the devotional may not be so much in evidence (Vos)

Are we sure that we feel with the frequency and intensity which our greater privileges demand the desire to meet with God? Or are we satisfied with that indirect relation to him which our service of him in his kingdom and our daily study of his Word leads us to sustain? I need not tell you that there is a tendency at the present day to make our religious life seek the surface, the periphery; to detach it more or less from its centre which lies in the direct face-to-face communion of the soul with God. The devotional is not so much in evidence as it has been another periods of the church's history... 

[One of the causes of this] lies in the stupendous multiplication of the out-going activities which the present practical age makes it incumbent upon every minister of the gospel to pursue. With all the centrifugal forces playing upon us, no wonder if sometimes the one centripetal force which ought to driver us to the heart of God for the cultivation of our own devotional life is less felt in our experience. And yet it is absolutely essential for us that we should not only have our seasons of communion with God, but that all the time we should carry with us into our outward and public work in some degree a living sense of our nearness to God and of his nearness to us, because in this way alone can we make our service in the Lord's Kingdom truly fruitful and spiritual. If the savour of this is wanting in our work, if we do not bring to the world when we come to it the unction and peace acquired in prayer, we cannot hope to impart any permanent blessing or to achieve any lasting results.

Geerhardus Vos, Grace and Glory, p.179f

Seeking God

It is certainly striking that these expressions of passionate desire to come into living fellowship with God are found in the Old Testament rather than in the New. Is it not possible that we, because we have the privilege of approaching God at all times without restrictions, are sometimes in danger of underestimating its value or even neglecting its exercise? Must not a David put us to shame when he cries in Psalm 63: 'O God, thou art my God, earnestly will I seek thee: my soul thirsts for thee, my flesh longeth for thee in a dry and weary land where no water is. Because thy loving-kindness is better than life my lips shall praise thee'? If he longed like this for the less, how much more earnestly ought we to cultivate the greater?

Geerhardus Vos, Grace and Glory, p.173f

A rule of thumb for the new and the old (Leithart)

Paul's letter to the Galatians is an important text for reflecting on the continuities and discontinuities of redemptive history. On the one hand, Paul argues for a massive discontinuity between Israel and the church, insisting that the coming of Christ decisively undermines the division of Jew and Gentile (Gal. 2:11-16; 3:23-29). At the same time, Paul is at pains to show that this change is precisely in keeping with the purposes of God already expressed to Abraham (3:1-14), so that the "new thing" is inherently a very old thing, a thing older even than the law, which was added as a means for realising the Abrahamic promise (3:19). From Galatians, one might draw this rule of thumb: any "new thing" in the church that is not simultaneously the realisation of some "old thing" represents a false path.

Peter Leithart, 1&2 Kings (SCM Theological Commentary on the Bible), p.253